HTML And CSS

 ๐Ÿ—ˆWhat is HTML?๐Ÿ–‰

1). แžើ HTML แž‚ឺแž‡ាแžข្แžœី? (What is HTML?)

HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) แž˜ាแž“แž“័แž™แžា แž—ាแžŸាแžŸแž˜្แž‚ាแž›់ webpage แž›ើ internet។ แžœាแž‡ាแžœិแž’ីแž–ិแžŸេแžŸแž˜ួแž™แžŠែแž›แž™ើแž„แž”្แžšើแžŠើแž˜្แž”ីแž”แž„្แž€ើแžแž‚េแž แž‘ំแž–័แžš (website) แžŠូแž…แž‡ា แžขแž្แžแž”แž‘ แžšូแž”แž—ាแž– แž“ិแž„แž…្แžšើแž“แž‘ៀแž។ แžœាแžŠូแž…แž‡ាแž€ាแžšแž”្แžšើแž€្แžšแžŠាแžŸแž–แžŽ៌แž•្แžŸេแž„แŸ—แž‚្แž“ា แž“ិแž„แžŸ្แž‘ីแž€แžƒ័แžšแžŠើแž˜្แž”ីแžšៀแž”แž…ំแžŸៀแžœแž—ៅแžšូแž”แž—ាแž–แž˜ួแž™។

แž…ំแžŽុแž…แžŸំแžាแž“់แŸ—แžšแž”แžŸ់ HTML แž˜ាแž“:

  1. Hypertext: แž‚ឺแž‡ាแžំแžŽแž—្แž‡ាแž”់แž‚េแž แž‘ំแž–័แžšแžŠแž‘ៃแž‘ៀแž។
  2. Markup: แž‚ឺแž‡ាแž€ូแžŠแžŠែแž›แž‡ួแž™แžšៀแž”แž…ំแž‘ំแž–័แžšแžขោแž™แž˜ាแž“แžŸแžŽ្แž‹ាแž“។
  3. Language: แž‚ឺแž‡ាแž€ូแžŠแžŠែแž›แž€แž˜្แž˜แžœិแž’ីแžข៊ិแž“แž’ឺแžšแžŽែแžแž™แž›់แž”ាแž“។

แžงแž‘ាแž แžšแžŽ៍แž€ូแžŠ HTML แž˜ួแž™แžƒ្แž›ា:

<p>This is a paragraph in HTML.</p>

แž€ូแžŠแž“េះแž‡ួแž™แž”แž„្แž ាแž‰แžា This is a paragraph in HTML. (แž‡ាแžขแž្แžแž”แž‘แž€្แž“ុแž„ HTML)


2). แž”្แžšแžœแž្แžិแž្แž›ីแŸ—แž“ៃ HTML (A Brief History of HTML)

HTML แž្แžšូแžœแž”ាแž“แž”แž„្แž€ើแžแžกើแž„แž“ៅแž†្แž“ាំ 1991 แžŠោแž™แž›ោแž€ Tim Berners-Lee។ แžœាแžŠូแž…แž‡ាแž€ាแžšแž”แž„្แž€ើแžแž—ាแžŸាแž្แž˜ីแž˜ួแž™แžŸแž˜្แžšាแž”់แž€ុំแž–្แž™ូแž‘័แžš។ แž…ាแž”់แžាំแž„แž–ីแž–េแž›แž“ោះแž˜แž€ แžœាแž”ាแž“แž€ែแž›แž˜្แžขแž‡ាแž…្แžšើแž“แžŠแž„ แžŠូแž…แž‡ាแž€ាแžšแž”แž“្แžែแž˜แž–ាแž€្แž™แž្แž˜ីแŸ—แž‘ៅแž€្แž“ុแž„แžœแž…แž“ាแž“ុแž€្แžšแž˜។

HTML แž”ាแž“แž€ើแž“แžกើแž„แž™៉ាแž„แž…្แžšើแž“:

  1. HTML 1.0 (1991): แž‡ាแž”ំแžšែแž”ំแžšួแž›แžŠំแž”ូแž„។
  2. HTML 4.01 (1999): แž€ាแžšแž’្แžœើแžฑ្แž™แž”្แžšแžŸើแžšแž‡ាแž˜ួแž™แž˜ុแžแž„ាแžšแž្แž˜ី។
  3. HTML5 (2014): แž‡ាแž•្แž“ែแž€แž”แž…្แž…ុแž”្แž”แž“្แž“, แžขាแž…แž”แž‰្แž…ូแž›แžœីแžŠេแžขូ แž“ិแž„แžข្แžœីแž•្แžŸេแž„แŸ—แž‘ៀแžแž”ាแž“។

แžงแž‘ាแž แžšแžŽ៍แž“ៃ HTML5:

<video controls>

    <source src="movie.mp4" type="video/mp4">

</video>

HTML5 แžขាแž…แž‡ួแž™แž”แž‰្แž…ូแž›แžœីแžŠេแžขូแžŠោแž™แž†្แž›ើแž™แžแž”แž‘ៅแž“ឹแž„ <video> tag។


3). แžួแž“ាแž‘ីแžšแž”แžŸ់ HTML แž€្แž“ុแž„แž€ាแžšแžขแž—ិแžœแžŒ្แžแž“៍แž‚េแž แž‘ំแž–័แžš (The Role of HTML in Web Development)

HTML แž‚ឺแžŠូแž…แž‡ាแž†្แžขឹแž„แž“ៃแž‚េแž แž‘ំแž–័แžš។ แžœាแž”្แžšាแž”់แž€ុំแž–្แž™ូแž‘័แžšแž–ីแžšแž”ៀแž”แžšៀแž”แž…ំแžข្แžœីแŸ—แž“ៅแž›ើแž‚េแž แž‘ំแž–័แžš។ แž”แž“្แž‘ាแž”់แž˜แž€ แž™ើแž„แž”្แžšើแžœិแž’ីแž•្แžŸេแž„แž‘ៀแžแžŠើแž˜្แž”ីแž’្แžœើแžฑ្แž™แžœាแž˜ើแž›แž‘ៅแžŸ្แžขាแž แž“ិแž„แž˜ាแž“แž…แž›แž“ា។​ แžœាแž‡ួแž™แž•្แžŠแž›់แžšแž…แž“ាแžŸแž˜្แž–័แž“្แž’ แž ើแž™แž˜ាแž“แžˆ្แž˜ោះแž…ំแžŽុแž…แžŸំแžាแž“់แŸ—:

  1. HTML: แžŸ្แžិแžแž“ៅแž€្แž“ុแž„แž‡ើแž„แžŸំแžាแž“់แžšแž”แžŸ់แž‚េแž แž‘ំแž–័แžš។
  2. CSS: แž‡ួแž™แž’្แžœើแžฑ្แž™แžœាแžŸ្แžขាแž។
  3. JavaScript: แž‡ួแž™แž’្แžœើแžฑ្แž™แžœាแž˜ាแž“แžŸแž€แž˜្แž˜แž—ាแž–។

แžงแž‘ាแž แžšแžŽ៍แžšแž…แž“ាแžŸแž˜្แž–័แž“្แž’แž˜ួแž™แž“ៃแžฏแž€แžŸាแžš HTML៖

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
  <head>
    <title>My Web Page</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="styles.css">
<!-- CSS Styling -->
  </head>
  <body>
    <h1>Hello, World!</h1>
    <p>This is a simple webpage.</p>
    <script src="script.js"></script> <!-- JavaScript for Interactivity-->
  </body>
</html>

แž€្แž“ុแž„แžงแž‘ាแž แžšแžŽ៍แž“េះ:

  1. <link> tag แž‡ាแž€ូแžŠแžŠែแž›แž—្แž‡ាแž”់แž‚េแž แž‘ំแž–័แžšแž‘ៅแž“ឹแž„แžฏแž€แžŸាแžš CSS แž•្แž“ែแž€แžាแž„แž€្แžšៅ แžŠើแž˜្แž”ីแž’្แžœើแžฑ្แž™แž‘ំแž–័แžšแž˜ាแž“แžšូแž”แžšាแž„แžŸ្แžขាแž។
  2.  <script> tag แž‡ាแž€ូแžŠแžŠែแž›แž—្แž‡ាแž”់แž‘ៅแž“ឹแž„แžฏแž€แžŸាแžš JavaScript แž•្แž“ែแž€แžាแž„แž€្แžšៅ แžŠើแž˜្แž”ីแž’្แžœើแžฑ្แž™แž‘ំแž–័แžšแž˜ាแž“แžŸแž€แž˜្แž˜แž—ាแž– (แžŠូแž…แž‡ាแž”៊ូแžុแž„แž“ិแž„แžŸแž€แž˜្แž˜แž—ាแž–แž•្แžŸេแž„แŸ—)។


4). แžšแž…แž“ាแžŸแž˜្แž–័แž“្แž’แž˜ូแž›แžŠ្แž‹ាแž“แž“ៃแžฏแž€แžŸាแžš HTML (Basic Structure of an HTML Document)

แžฏแž€แžŸាแžš HTML แž˜ាแž“แž•្แž“ែแž€แžŸំแžាแž“់แŸ—แžŠូแž…แž‡ាแž€្แž”ាแž› (head) แž“ិแž„แžួแž្แž›ួแž“ (body)។ Head แž‚ឺแžŸแž˜្แžšាแž”់แž–័แž៌แž˜ាแž“แžŠែแž›แž™ើแž„แž˜ិแž“แžƒើแž‰ แž ើแž™ body แž‚ឺแžŸแž˜្แžšាแž”់แžข្แžœីแžŠែแž›แž™ើแž„แžƒើแž‰แž“ៅแž›ើแž‚េแž แž‘ំแž–័แžš។ แžฏแž€แžŸាแžš HTML แž˜ួแž™แž˜ាแž“แžŸាแžšแžŸំแžាแž“់แŸ—แžŠូแž…แž‡ា:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
  <head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>แžŸំแžŽុំแž”ែแž”แž”แž‘ HTML</title>
  </head>
  <body>
    <h1>แžŸ្แžœាแž‚แž˜แž“៍แž˜แž€แž€ាแž“់ HTML</h1>
    <p>แž“េះแž‡ាแžŸំแžŽុំ HTML แž˜ួแž™។</p>
  </body>
</html>

Explanation:

  1. <!DOCTYPE html>: แž”แž„្แž ាแž‰แžាแžฏแž€แžŸាแžšแž“េះแž‡ាแžฏแž€แžŸាแžš HTML5។
  2. <html>: แž‡ាแž’ាแžុแžŠំแž”ូแž„แžŠែแž›แž˜ាแž“แž’ាแžុ HTML แž•្แžŸេแž„แž‘ៀแžแž‘ាំแž„แžขแžŸ់แž“ៅแž€្แž“ុแž„แžœា។
  3. <head>: แž˜ាแž“แž–แž៌แž˜ាแž“แžขំแž–ីแžฏแž€แžŸាแžš (แžŠូแž…แž‡ាแž…ំแžŽแž„แž‡ើแž„ แž“ិแž„แž˜ុแžแžขแž€្แžŸแžš)។
  4. <meta charset="UTF-8">: แž‡ួแž™แžขោแž™แžฏแž€แžŸាแžšแžขាแž…แžขាแž“แž”ាแž“แž‡ាแž…្แžšើแž“แž—ាแžŸា។
  5. <title>: แž”แž„្แž ាแž‰แž…ំแžŽแž„แž‡ើแž„แž“ៅแž›ើแž•្แž‘ាំแž„แž€แž˜្แž˜แžœិแž’ីแžข៊ិแž“แž’ឺแžšแžŽែแž។
  6. <body>: แž˜ាแž“แž˜ាแžិแž€ាแžŠែแž›แžขាแž…แžƒើแž‰แž”ាแž“, แžšួแž˜แž˜ាแž“แžขแž្แžแž”แž‘, แžšូแž”แž—ាแž–, แž“ិแž„แžំแžŽแž—្แž‡ាแž”់។


5). HTML, CSS, แž“ិแž„ JavaScript៖ แžšแž”ៀแž”แžŠែแž›แž–ួแž€แžœាแž’្แžœើแž€ាแžšแž‡ាแž˜ួแž™แž‚្แž“ា (HTML, CSS, and JavaScript: How They Work Together)

  1. HTML แž‡ួแž™แž•្แžŠแž›់แž‡ាแž›្แž”ាแžŸแž˜ូแž›แžŠ្แž‹ាแž“แžŸแž˜្แžšាแž”់แž‚េแž แž‘ំแž–័แžš។
  2. CSS แž‡ួแž™แžុแž”แžែแž„แžขแž្แžแž”แž‘ แž“ិแž„แžšូแž”แž—ាแž– (แžŠូแž…แž‡ាแž–แžŽ៌, แž”្แž›แž„់, แž“ិแž„แž˜ុแžแžขแž€្แžŸแžš)។
  3. JavaScript แž‡ួแž™แž’្แžœើแžฑ្แž™แž‚េแž แž‘ំแž–័แžšแžขាแž…แž˜ាแž“แžŸแž€แž˜្แž˜แž—ាแž– (แžŠូแž…แž‡ាแž”៊ូแžុแž„, แž•្แž‘ាំแž„แž”ំแž–េแž‰แž–័แž៌แž˜ាแž“, แž“ិแž„ animations)។

แžงแž‘ាแž แžšแžŽ៍แž“ៃ integration:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
  <head>
    <title>Styled Webpage</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="styles.css">
<!-- External CSS -->
  </head>
  <body>
    <h1>Hello, World!</h1>
    <p>Welcome to my webpage.</p>
    <button id="btn">Click Me!</button>   
    <script>
      document.getElementById('btn').onclick = function() {
    alert('Button clicked!');
      };
    </script> <!-- Inline JavaScript -->
  </body>
</html>

6). แžŸាแžšៈแžŸំแžាแž“់แž“ៃ HTML แžŠែแž›แž˜ាแž“แžขแž្แžแž“័แž™ (The Importance of Semantic HTML)

HTML แžŠែแž›แž˜ាแž“แžขแž្แžแž“័แž™แž˜ាแž“แž“័แž™แžាแž€ាแžšแž”្แžšើแž–ាแž€្แž™แž្แžšឹแž˜แž្แžšូแžœแžŠើแž˜្แž”ីแž–แžŽ៌แž“ាแžข្แžœីแžŠែแž›แž™ើแž„แž€ំแž–ុแž„แž”แž„្แž ាแž‰។ แžœាแž‡ួแž™แžฑ្แž™แž€ុំแž–្แž™ូแž‘័แžš แž“ិแž„แž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸแž™แž›់แž€ាแž“់แžែแž…្แž”ាแžŸ់แž–ីแžข្แžœីแžŠែแž›แž“ៅแž›ើแž‚េแž แž‘ំแž–័แžš។ แž‡ួแž™แžขោแž™แž‚េแž แž‘ំแž–័แžšแž„ាแž™แžŸ្แžšួแž›แž€្แž“ុแž„แž€ាแžšแž”្แžšើแž”្แžšាแžŸ់ แž“ិแž„แž‡ួแž™แž”្แžšแž–័แž“្แž’แžŸ្แžœែแž„แžšแž€ (SEO) แžŠើแž˜្แž”ីแžšแž€แž˜ាแžិแž€ាแž”ាแž“แž›្แžข។

แžงแž‘ាแž แžšแžŽ៍แžขแž្แžแž”แž‘แžŸេแž˜៉แž„់แž‘ីแž€แž€្แž“ុแž„ HTML แž˜ាแž“แžŠូแž…แž‡ា:

  • <article>: แž”្แžšើแžŸแž˜្แžšាแž”់แž˜ាแžិแž€ាแž˜ួแž™แžŠាแž…់แžŠោแž™แžกែแž€ (แžŠូแž…แž‡ាแž”្แž›แž€់)។
  • <header>: แžŸំแžŠៅแž‘ៅแž›ើแž€្แž”ាแž›แž“ៃแž•្แž“ែแž€ แžฌแž‘ំแž–័แžš។
  • <footer>: แžŸំแžŠៅแž‘ៅแž›ើแž…ុแž„แž€្แžšោแž™แž“ៃแž•្แž“ែแž€ แžฌแž‘ំแž–័แžš។
  • <nav>: แžŸំแžŠៅแž›ើแž˜៉ឺแž“ុแž™ (menu) Navigates ។

Non-Semantic HTML:

<div>Content</div>
Semantic HTML:
<article>Content</article>

แžŸេแž…แž€្แžីแžŸแžšុแž” (Summary):

แž“េះแž‚ឺแž‡ាแž€ាแžšแž–แž“្แž™แž›់แžŸាแž˜แž‰្แž‰แžขំแž–ី HTML។ แžœាแžŠូแž…แž‡ាแž€ាแžšแž”្แžšើแž—ាแžŸាแž–ិแžŸេแžŸแž˜ួแž™แžŠើแž˜្แž”ីแž”្แžšាแž”់แž€ុំแž–្แž™ូแž‘័แžšแž–ីแžšแž”ៀแž”แž”แž„្แž ាแž‰แž–័แž៌แž˜ាแž“แž“ៅแž›ើแž‚េแž แž‘ំแž–័แžš។ แž™ើแž„แž”្แžšើแžœាแž‡ាแž˜ួแž™แžงแž”แž€แžšแžŽ៍แž•្แžŸេแž„แž‘ៀแžแžŠើแž˜្แž”ីแž’្แžœើแžฑ្แž™แž‚េแž แž‘ំแž–័แžšแž˜ើแž›แž‘ៅแžŸ្แžขាแž แž“ិแž„แž„ាแž™แžŸ្แžšួแž›แž”្แžšើแž”្แžšាแžŸ់។

HTML And CSS

  ๐Ÿ—ˆ What is HTML? ๐Ÿ–‰ 1). แžើ HTML แž‚ឺแž‡ាแžข្แžœី? (What is HTML?) HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) แž˜ាแž“แž“័แž™แžា แž—ាแžŸាแžŸแž˜្แž‚ាแž›់ webpage แž›ើ internet។ แžœាแž‡ាแžœ...